CARDIOVASCULAR ADAPTATIONS IN ELITE BOXERS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS WITH ENDURANCE ATHLETES

Анотація

Background: Different sports induce distinct patterns of cardiovascular adaptation based on their specific physiological demands. Boxing combines elements of both endurance and power training, creating a unique adaptive stimulus that differs from pure endurance sports. Objective: To compare and contrast cardiovascular adaptations in elite boxers with those observed in endurance athletes, examining structural remodeling, functional capacity, autonomic regulation, and metabolic characteristics. Methods: A comprehensive review of literature examining cardiac morphology, electrocardiographic patterns, heart rate variability, and physiological profiles in boxers, swimmers, rowers, and cyclists was conducted. Studies utilizing advanced imaging techniques and physiological assessments were analyzed to identify sport-specific adaptation patterns. Results: Elite boxers demonstrate a mixed pattern of cardiovascular adaptation, combining features of both endurance and resistance training adaptations. Compared to pure endurance athletes, boxers show more balanced ventricular hypertrophy with relatively less chamber dilation, different autonomic modulation patterns, and distinct metabolic profiles. Both groups demonstrate elevated heart rate variability compared to untrained individuals, though the magnitude and specific HRV parameters differ between sports. Gender-specific differences in adaptation patterns are evident across both boxing and endurance sports. Conclusions: Boxing induces unique cardiovascular adaptations that reflect its combined endurance and power demands. Understanding these sport-specific differences is essential for appropriate clinical interpretation, training optimization, and development of tailored screening protocols. The comparative analysis provides insights into the plasticity of cardiovascular adaptation and the specificity of training responses.

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